Red's Planet: Book 1

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OK, Neil let’s recap the vocabulary from this programme on the Red Planet, Mars, starting with astronomer– someone who studies the stars, planets and moons in our universe. Unlike ancient civilisations, modern astronomers have sent satellites to land on Mars and explore its surface. And although no human has set foot on the Red Planet so far, we know a lot about conditions there. Mars is kept company by two cratered moons — an inner moon named Phobos and an outer moon named Deimos. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/GSFC/Univ. of Arizona)

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Like Earth, Mars has seasons, polar ice caps, volcanoes, canyons, and weather. It has a very thin atmosphere made of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon. Many other missions, both past and present, have produced amazing insights about the planet's history, and future planned missions should help continue this progress, according to The Planetary Society. NASA aims to send humans to explore the Red Planet by the late 2030s or early 2040s, according to Space.com. Is there life on Mars? The field of Astrobiology saw a resurgence due to the controversy surrounding the possible fossil life in the ALH84001 meteorite, and from the outsized public response to this announcement, and subsequent interest from Congress and the White House, NASA’s Astrobiology Program was formed. Dr Meyer calls Mars’s red colour distinctive- easy to recognise because it’s different from everything else. But did you hear why it’s red in the first place, Sam?

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Exploring Mars helps scientists learn about momentous shifts in climate that can fundamentally alter planets. It also lets us look for biosignatures, signs that might reveal whether life was abundant in the planet’s past—and if it still exists on Mars today. And, the more we learn about Mars, the better equipped we’ll be to try to make a living there, someday in the future. Past missions, major discoveries

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A day on Mars lasts about 24.6 hours, or just a little longer than a day on Earth. Martian days are called sols — short for solar day — and there are 669.6 sols in a Martian year. Mars' axial tilt is also very similar to our planet's, at about 25 degrees (Earth's is 23.4 degrees), meaning Mars experiences seasons much like those on Earth. How many moons does Mars have? Mission Commander Kate Bowman is the pilot and commander of the most important mission of the 21st century: saving the human race. It's 2050, earth is dying, and colonizing Mars is the only alternative to obliteration. Bowman and her crew have made this journey to investigate what went wrong with the malfunctioning Mars Terraforming Project, and to repair it. But what happens when they get there is far more terrifying than anyone could have guessed.Tina Seeger: Well, in the ’90s, they came up with names on the fly. And that’s why you got silly names like “Barnacle Bill,”“Indiana Jones.” But now we compile a list of names ahead of time based on different themes. We draw a grid on the map where each square is a different quadrant that represents a different theme. Curiosity has used names from South America, Scotland; Perseverance uses names from national parks around the world. Over the last century, everything we’ve learned about Mars suggests that the planet was once quite capable of hosting ecosystems—and that it might still be an incubator for microbial life today. The Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation 2 ( MEDLI2) sensor suite collected data about Mars’ atmosphere during entry, and the Terrain-Relative Navigation system autonomously guided the spacecraft during final descent. The data from both are expected to help future human missions land on other worlds more safely and with larger payloads.

NASA’s Mars Perseverance Rover Safely Lands on Red Touchdown! NASA’s Mars Perseverance Rover Safely Lands on Red

Mars has captivated humans since we first set eyes on it as a star-like object in the night sky. Early on, its reddish hue set the planet apart from its shimmering siblings, each compelling in its own way, but none other tracing a ruddy arc through Earth’s heavens. Then, in the late 1800s, telescopes first revealed a surface full of intriguing features—patterns and landforms that scientists at first wrongly ascribed to a bustling Martian civilization. Now, we know there are no artificial constructions on Mars. But we’ve also learned that, until 3.5 billion years ago, the dry, toxic planet we see today might have once been as habitable as Earth. Although Red wants to be alone, she latches on to Goose a little bit, doesn't she? Is she just practical about recognizing that he knows the territory if nothing else. The ancient Romans were also interested in Mars. They even considered the planet to be a god – but god of what? Was Mars the Roman god of ...It's always a balancing game to give the supporting characters enough time to tell their stories without taking away from the central story. If you give them too much time, the audience forgets what the real story is and wants to know more about the secondary characters. But if you do it just right, the characters come to life and the reader thinks you told them much more than you actually did. I don't know which I achieved in Red's Planet, but I'm hoping the latter. Also with an eye on future Red Planet explorations, the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment ( MOXIE) technology demonstration will attempt to manufacture oxygen out of thin air – the Red Planet’s tenuous and mostly carbon dioxide atmosphere. The rover’s Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer ( MEDA) instrument, which has sensors on the mast and chassis, will provide key information about present-day Mars weather, climate, and dust. Marina Jurica: Here in the operations area for the Perseverance rover, the team is driving into new Martian terrain every day, just like our other rover, Curiosity.

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The second Mars movie in the year 2000 and unfortunately it couldn't better the first offering 'Mission to Mars' but was actually a bit worse. All of the robotic activity is, of course, laying the groundwork for sending humans to the next world over. NASA is targeting the 2030s as a reasonable timeframe for setting the first boots on Mars, and is developing a space capsule, Orion, that will be able to ferry humans to the moon and beyond. Landing on Mars is always an incredibly difficult task and we are proud to continue building on our past success,” said JPL Director MichaelWatkins. “But, while Perseverance advances that success, this rover is also blazing its own path and daring new challenges in the surface mission. We built the rover not just to land but to find and collect the best scientific samples for return to Earth, and its incredibly complex sampling system and autonomy not only enable that mission, they set the stage for future robotic and crewed missions.” The colour of this rust can change slightly, from red to brown to orange, and Dr Meyer thinks these changing colours may have worried ancient astronomers who believed Mars was immutable, or never changing. Perseverance is more than a rover, and more than this amazing collection of men and women that built it and got us here,” said John McNamee, project manager of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover mission at JPL. “It is even more than the 10.9 million people who signed up to be part of our mission. This mission is about what humans can achieve when they persevere. We made it this far. Now, watch us go.”

Astrobiology

The Red Planet has been a target for investigations over many centuries. No planet has been so heavily explored, other than our own, according to NASA.